please empty your brain below

Is the reason that what is now Newham was excluded from the County of London to do with West Ham and East Ham being county boroughs wanting to preserve their independence?

dg writes: Sort of yes, but technically no.
Whether by accident or design, no part of Essex was taken over by the LCC in 1889, although Middlesex, Surrey and Kent all lost territory to the upstart.
The idea that the Roding was the boundary between London and Essex (despite it never having been so administratively - other than a tiny bit near Chigwell) is something I've heard. Certainly there's a cultural divide of sorts, with Newham being firmly in the London camp, and east of there being 'Metropolitan Essex' that's a bit in both. The eastern edge of Greenwich borough is similar wrt 'Metropolitan Kent'.

The 'Middlesex' and 'Surrey' equivalent boundaries are harder to define.
@Si The Roding is only part of the boundary between Newham and Barking & Dagenham and only a tiny bit with Redbridge. Following a 1990s modification, most of the eastern boundary is actually the North Circular - it could have been designed for the GLA internal debate - with only the southern part from Jenkins Lane down following the Roding.










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